King's Kung-Fu& Tai Chi

Art of War 10.1

The Art of War (孫子兵法), Terrain 地形篇

孫子曰地形有通者有挂者有支者有隘者有險者有遠者

Sun Tzŭ said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain, to wit: (1) Accessible ground;

(2) entangling ground;

(3) temporising ground;

(4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights;

(6) positions at a great distance from the enemy.

Lionel Giles (1910), Sun Tzŭ on the Art of War (1910), with Giles' notes — public domain.

Lionel Giles's notes

Mei Yao-ch‘ên says: 道路交達 “plentifully provided with roads and means of communication.”

The same commentator says: 網羅之地往必掛綴 “Net-like country, venturing into which you become entangled.”

Tu Yu explains 支 as 久. This meaning is still retained in modern phrases such as 支托, 支演 “stave off,” “delay.” I do not know why Capt. Calthrop calls 支地 “suspended ground,” unless he is confusing it with 挂地.

The root idea in 隘 is narrowness; in 險, steepness.

It is hardly necessary to point out the faultiness of this classification. A strange lack of logical perception is shown in the Chinaman’s unquestioning acceptance of glaring cross-divisions such as the above.

Character glossary

Passages with shared wording

Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.

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