Art of War 12.10
The Art of War (孫子兵法), The Attack By Fire 火攻篇
火發上風無攻下風
(5) When you start a fire, be to windward of it. Do not attack from the leeward.
Lionel Giles (1910), Sun Tzŭ on the Art of War (1910), with Giles' notes — public domain.
Lionel Giles's notes
Chang Yü, following Tu Yu, says: 燒之必退退而逆擊之必死戰則不便也 “When you make a fire, the enemy will retreat away from it; if you oppose his retreat and attack him then, he will fight desperately, which will not conduce to your success.” A rather more obvious explanation is given by Tu Mu: “If the wind is in the east, begin burning to the east of the enemy, and follow up the attack yourself from that side. If you start the fire on the east side, and then attack from the west, you will suffer in the same way as your enemy.”
Character glossary
- 火huǒfire, flame; to burn; anger, rage
- 發fāto issue, to dispatch, to send out; hair
- 上shàngabove, on top, superior; to go up; to at
- 風fēngwind; air; customs, manners; news
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 攻gōngto accuse; to assault; to criticize
- 下xiàbelow, underneath; inferior; to bring do
Passages with shared wording
- Zhuangzi The Circling Sky
- Analects 12.21
- Art of War 11.11
- Art of War 12.6
- Art of War 12.7
- Zhuangzi On Letting Alone
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.