Art of War 13.7
The Art of War (孫子兵法), The Use Of Spies 用間篇
故用間有五有鄉間有內間有反間有死間有生間
Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies.
Lionel Giles (1910), Sun Tzŭ on the Art of War (1910), with Giles' notes — public domain.
Character glossary
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 用yòngto use, to employ, to apply; use
- 間jiānbetween, among; midpoint; space, place,
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 五wǔfive; surname
- 鄉xiāngcountry, village; rural
- 內nèiinside
- 反fǎnreverse, opposite; contrary, anti-
- 死sǐdead; death; impassable, inflexible
- 生shēnglife, lifetime; birth; growth
Passages with shared wording
- Art of War 13.24
- Zhuangzi The Secret of Life
- Analects 3.22
- Art of War 13.9
- Mencius 7A.40
- Art of War 13.13
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.