Art of War 2.16
The Art of War (孫子兵法), Waging War 作戰篇
故殺敵者怒也取敵之利者貨也
Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.
Lionel Giles's notes
These are two difficult sentences, which I have translated in accordance with Mei Yao-ch‘ên’s paraphrase. We may incontinently reject Capt. Calthrop’s extraordinary translation of the first: “Wantonly to kill and destroy the enemy must be forbidden.” Ts‘ao Kung quotes a jingle current in his day: 軍無財士不來軍無賞士不往. Tu Mu says: “Rewards are necessary in order to make the soldiers see the advantage of beating the enemy; thus, when you capture spoils from the enemy, they must be used as rewards, so that all your men may have a keen desire to fight, each on his own account. Chang Yü takes 利 as the direct object of 取, which is not so good.
Character glossary
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 殺shāto kill, to murder, to slaughter; to hur
- 敵díenemy, foe, rival; to match; to resist
- 者zhěthat which; they who; those who
- 怒nùanger, passion, rage
- 也yěalso, too
- 取qǔto take, to receive, to obtain; to selec
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 利lìgains, advantage, profit, merit
- 貨huòproducts, merchandise; goods, commoditie
Passages with shared wording
- Mencius 1B.10
- Zhuangzi Man Among Men
- Art of War 11.27
- Tao Te Ching Chapter 68
- Art of War 5.19
- Art of War 6.1
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.