Art of War 4.13
The Art of War (孫子兵法), Tactical Dispositions 形篇
故其戰勝不忒不忒者其所措必勝勝已敗者也
He wins his battles by making no mistakes.
Making no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory, for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated.
Lionel Giles's notes
Ch‘ên Hao says: “He plans no superfluous marches, he devises no futile attacks.” The connection of ideas is thus explained by Chang Yü: “One who seeks to conquer by sheer strength, clever though he may be at winning pitched battles, is also liable on occasion to be vanquished; whereas he who can look into the future and discern conditions that are not yet manifest, will never make a blunder and therefore invariably win.” Li Ch‘üan thinks that the character 忒 should be 貳 “to have doubts.” But it is better not to tamper with the text, especially when no improvement in sense is the result.
The T‘u Shu omits 必. 措 is here =置. Chia Lin says it is put for 錯 in the sense of 雜; but this is far-fetched. Capt. Calthrop altogether ignores the important word 忒.
Character glossary
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 其qíhis, her, its, their; that
- 戰zhànwar, fighting, battle
- 勝shèngvictory; to excel, to truimph
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 忒tèexcessive (in a bad way); to err, to mak
- 者zhěthat which; they who; those who
- 所suǒplace, location; "that which", a particl
- 措cuòto arrange; to execute on; to manage
- 必bìsurely, certainly; must; will
- 已yǐalready; finished; to stop; then, afterw
- 敗bàifailure; to decline, to fail, to suffer
- 也yěalso, too
Passages with shared wording
- Art of War 6.28
- Art of War 4.11
- Art of War 5.3
- Zhuangzi Hsü Wu Kuei
- Zhuangzi The Great Supreme
- Tao Te Ching Chapter 50
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.