The Doctrine of the Mean Passage 32
唯天下至聖,為能聰明睿知,足以有臨也;寬裕溫柔,足以有容也;發強剛毅,足以有執也;齊莊中正,足以有敬也;文理密察,足以有別也。溥博淵泉,而時出之。溥博如天,淵泉如淵。見而民莫不敬,言而民莫不信,行而民莫不說。是以聲名洋溢乎中國,施及蠻貊;舟車所至,人力所通,天之所覆,地之所載,日月所照,霜露所隊;凡有血氣者,莫不尊親,故曰配天。
It is only he, possessed of all sagely qualities that can exist under heaven, who shows himself quick in apprehension, clear in discernment, of far-reaching intelligence, and all-embracing knowledge, fitted to exercise rule; magnanimous, generous, benign, and mild, fitted to exercise forbearance; impulsive, energetic, firm, and enduring, fitted to maintain a firm hold; self-adjusted, grave, never swerving from the Mean, and correct, fitted to command reverence; accomplished, distinctive, concentrative, and searching, fitted to exercise discrimination. All-embracing is he and vast, deep and active as a fountain, sending forth in their due season his virtues. All-embracing and vast, he is like Heaven. Deep and active as a fountain, he is like the abyss. He is seen, and the people all reverence him; he speaks, and the people all believe him; he acts, and the people all are pleased with him. Therefore his fame overspreads the Middle Kingdom, and extends to all barbarous tribes. Wherever ships and carriages reach; wherever the strength of man penetrates; wherever the heavens overshadow and the earth sustains; wherever the sun and moon shine; wherever frosts and dews fall:-all who have blood and breath unfeignedly honor and love him. Hence it is said, "He is the equal of Heaven."
English: James Legge (1861), The Doctrine of the Mean, The Chinese Classics vol. 1 (1861); romanization modernized on Wikisource — public domain. Chinese: Chinese text from the Wikisource bilingual edition.
Character glossary
- 唯wéionly; sole
- 天tiānsky, heaven; god, celestial
- 下xiàbelow, underneath; inferior; to bring do
- 至zhìreach, arrive; very, extremely
- 聖shèngholy, sacred; sage, saint
- 為wèito do, to act; to handle, to govern; to
- 能néngcan, may; capable, full of energy
- 聰cōngsharp (of sight and hearing); intelligen
- 明míngbright, clear; to explain, to understand
- 睿ruìkeen, clever, astute
- 知zhīto know, to perceive, to comprehend
- 足zúfoot; to attain, to satisfy; enough
- 以yǐaccording to; so as to; because of; then
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 臨línto draw near, to approach; to descend
- 也yěalso, too
- 寬kuānbroad, spacious, vast, wide
- 裕yùrich, plentiful, abundant
- 溫wēnwarm, lukewarm
- 柔róusoft, supple; gentle; flexible
- 容róngappearance, looks; form, figure; to cont
- 發fāto issue, to dispatch, to send out; hair
- 強qiángstrong, powerful, energetic
- 剛gānghard, strong, tough; just, barely
- 毅yìdecisive, firm, resolute
- 執zhíto execute; to grasp, to hold; to keep;
- 齊qíeven, uniform, of equal length
- 莊zhuāngvillage, hamlet; villa, manor
- 中zhōngcentral; center, middle; amidst; to hit
- 正zhèngstraight, right, proper, correct, just,
- 敬jìngto respect, to honor; respectfully
- 文wénculture, literature, writing
- 理lǐscience, reason, logic; to manage
- 密mìsecret, confidential; intimate, close; d
- 察cháto examine, to investigate, to observe
- 別biéto separate, to distinguish, to classify
- 溥pǔbig, great, vast; extensive, pervading,
- 博bóto gamble, to play games; to win; rich,
- 淵yuānabyss, depth; to surge up, to bubble up
- 泉quánspring, fountain; wealth, money
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 時shítime, season; period, era, age
- 出chūto go out, to send out; stand; produce
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 如rúas, as if, like, such as, supposing
- 見jiànto see, to observe, to meet, to appear
- 民míncitizens, subjects; a nation's people
- 莫mòcannot; do not; is not; negative
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 言yánwords, speech; to speak, to say
- 信xìnto trust, to believe; letter, sign
- 行xíngto go, to walk, to move; professional
- 說shuōto speak, to say; to scold, to upbraid
- 是shìto be; indeed, right, yes; okay
- 聲shēngsound, noise; voice, tone, music
- 名míngname; position, rank, title
- 洋yángsea, ocean; western, foreign
- 溢yìfull; overflowing
- 乎hūinterrogative or exclamatory final parti
- 國guócountry, nation, state; national
- 施shīto grant, to bestow; to act; surname
- 及jíto extend; to reach; and; in time
- 蠻mánbarbarians; barbarous, rude, savage
- 貊mòleopard; an ancient tribe in northeast C
- 舟zhōuboat, ship
- 車chēcart, vehicle; to move in a cart
- 所suǒplace, location; "that which", a particl
- 人rénman, person; people
- 力lìstrength, power; capability, influence
- 通tōngto pass through, to open, to connect; to
- 覆fùto cover; to overturn; to repeat; to rep
- 地deearth, ground, soil; land, region; struc
- 載zàiload; to carry, to convey, to transport
- 日rìsun; day; daytime
- 月yuèmoon; month
- 照zhàoto shine, to reflect, to illuminate
- 霜shuāngfrost; frozen, crystallized, candied
- 露lùdew; leak; bare, exposed; to reveal, to
- 隊duìteam, group, band, army unit; measure wo
- 凡fánany, every, all; common, ordinary
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Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.