Mencius 5B.5
Mencius (孟子), Book 5, Part II: Wan Zhang II 萬章下
孟子曰:「仕非為貧也,而有時乎為貧;娶妻非為養也,而有時乎為養。為貧者,辭尊居卑,辭富居貧。辭尊居卑,辭富居貧,惡乎宜乎?抱關擊柝。孔子嘗為委吏矣,曰『會計當而已矣』。嘗為乘田矣,曰『牛羊茁壯,長而已矣』。位卑而言高,罪也;立乎人之本朝,而道不行,恥也」
Mencius said, 'Office is not sought on account of poverty, yet there are times when one seeks office on that account. Marriage is not entered into for the sake of being attended to by the wife, yet there are times when one marries on that account. He who takes office on account of his poverty must decline an honourable situation and occupy a low one; he must decline riches and prefer to be poor. What office will be in harmony with this declining an honourable situation and occupying a low one, this declining riches and preferring to be poor? Such an one as that of guarding the gates, or beating the watchman's stick. Confucius was once keeper of stores, and he then said, "My calculations must be all right. That is all I have to care about." He was once in charge of the public fields, and he then said, "The oxen and sheep must be fat and strong, and superior. That is all I have to care about." When one is in a low situation, to speak of high matters is a crime. When a scholar stands in a prince's court, and his principles are not carried into practice, it is a shame to him.'
Character glossary
- 孟mèngfirst in a series; great, eminent
- 子zison, child; seed, egg; fruit; small thin
- 曰yuēto speak; to say
- 仕shìofficial; to serve in the government
- 非fēinot, negative, non-; to oppose
- 為wèito do, to act; to handle, to govern; to
- 貧pínpoor, needy, impoverished; lacking
- 也yěalso, too
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 時shítime, season; period, era, age
- 乎hūinterrogative or exclamatory final parti
- 娶qǔto marry, to take a wife
- 妻qīwife
- 養yǎngto raise, to rear, to bring up; to suppo
- 者zhěthat which; they who; those who
- 辭cíwords, speech; to resign, to take leave
- 尊zūnto honor, to respect, to venerate
- 居jūto live, to reside; to dwell; to sit
- 卑bēihumble, low, inferior; to despise
- 富fùabundant, ample; rich, wealthy
- 惡èbad, evil, wicked; to hate, to loathe; f
- 宜yífitting, proper, right; what one should
- 抱bàoto embrace, to hold in one's arms; to en
- 關guānfrontier pass; to close, to shut; relati
- 擊jīto strike, to hit, to beat; to attack, t
- 柝tuòa watchman's rattle
- 孔kǒngopening, hole, orifice; great
- 嘗chángto taste; to experience, to experiment w
- 委wěito appoint, to commission, to send
- 吏lìgovernment official, magistrate
- 矣yǐparticle of completed action
- 會huìto assemble, to meet; meeting; associati
- 計jìto calculate, to count; to plan, to reck
- 當dāngappropriate, timely; to act, to serve; t
- 已yǐalready; finished; to stop; then, afterw
- 乘chéngride, mount; to make use of; to ascend;
- 田tiánfield, farm, arable land; cultivated
- 牛niúox, cow, bull
- 羊yángsheep, goat
- 茁zhuóto sprout, to flourish; vigorous, health
- 壯zhuàngbig, large; robust, strong; the name of
- 長zhǎnglong, lasting; to excel in
- 位wèiseat, throne; rank, status; position, lo
- 言yánwords, speech; to speak, to say
- 高gāotall, lofty; high, elevated
- 罪zuìsin, vice; fault, guilt; crime
- 立lìto stand; to establish, to set up
- 人rénman, person; people
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 本běnroot, origin, source; basis
- 朝cháoto face; direct, facing; dynasty; mornin
- 道dàomethod, way; path, road
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 行xíngto go, to walk, to move; professional
- 恥chǐshame, humiliation; ashamed
Passages with shared wording
- Mencius 5B.6
- Zhuangzi On Declining Power
- Zhuangzi The Great Supreme
- Zhuangzi The Evidence of Virtue Complete
- Mencius 5A.2
- Mencius 1A.7
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0); Chinese Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.