Art of War 11.12
The Art of War (孫子兵法), The Nine Situations 九地篇
交地則無絶衢地則合交
On open ground, do not try to block the enemy’s way.
On the ground of intersecting highways, join hands with your allies.
Lionel Giles's notes
Because the attempt would be futile, and would expose the blocking force itself to serious risks. There are two interpretations of 無絶. I follow that of Chang Yü (不可以兵阻絶其路). The other is indicated in Ts‘ao Kung’s brief note: 相及屬也 “Draw closer together” — i.e., see that a portion of your own army is not cut off. Wang Hsi points out that 交地 is only another name for the 通地 “accessible ground” of X. § 2, and says that the advice here given is simply a variation of 利糧道 “keep a sharp eye on the line of supplies,” be careful that your communications are not cut. The T‘ung Tien reads 無相絶.
Or perhaps, “form alliances with neighbouring states.” Thus Ts‘ao Kung has: 結諸侯也. Capt. Calthrop’s “cultivate intercourse” is much too timid and vague. The original text reads 交合.
Character glossary
- 交jiāoto connect; to deliver, to exchange; to
- 地deearth, ground, soil; land, region; struc
- 則zérule, law, regulation; grades
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 絶juécut
- 衢qúhighway; thoroughfare, intersection
- 合héto combine, to join, to unite; to gather
Passages with shared wording
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.