Art of War 2.12
The Art of War (孫子兵法), Waging War 作戰篇
財竭則急於丘役
When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
Lionel Giles's notes
Cf. Mencius VII. 2. xiv. 2, where 丘民 has the same meaning as 丘役. 丘 was an ancient measure of land. The full table, as given by 司馬法, may not be out of place here: 6 尺 = 1 步; 100 步 = 1 畝; 100 畝 = 1 夫; 3 夫 = 1 屋; 3 屋 = 1 井; 4 井 = 1 邑; 4 邑 = 1 丘; 4 丘 = 1 甸. According to the Chou Li, there were nine husbandmen to a 井, which would assign to each man the goodly allowance of 100 畝 (of which 6.6 now go to an acre). What the values of these measures were in Sun Tzŭ’s time is not known with any certainty. The lineal 尺, however, is supposed to have been about 20 cm. 急 may include levies of men, as well as other exactions.
Character glossary
- 財cáiriches, wealth, valuables
- 竭jiéto exhaust; to put forth great effort
- 則zérule, law, regulation; grades
- 急jíanxious, worried; hasty, quick; pressing
- 於yúat, in, on; to, from; alas!
- 丘qiūmound, hill; surname
- 役yìservant, laborer; service; to serve
Passages with shared wording
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.