Art of War 6.9
The Art of War (孫子兵法), Weak Points And Strong 虛實篇
微乎微乎至於無形神乎神乎至於無聲故能爲敵之司命
O divine art of sublety and secrecy! Through you we learn to be invisible, through you inaudible;
and hence we can hold the enemy’s fate in our hands.
Lionel Giles's notes
Literally, “without form or sound,” but it is said of course with reference to the enemy. Chang Yü, whom I follow, draws no sharp distinction between 微 and 神, but Tu Mu and others think that 微 indicates the secrecy to be observed on the defensive, and 神 the rapidity to be displayed in attack. The Yü Lan text differs considerably from ours, reading: 微乎微乎故能隱於常形神乎神乎故能爲敵司命.
The T‘ung Tien has 故能爲變化司命. Capt. Calthrop’s version of this paragraph is so remarkable that I cannot refrain from quoting it in full: “Now the secrets of the art of offence are not to be easily apprehended, as a certain shape or noise can be understood, of the senses; but when these secrets are once learnt, the enemy is mastered.”
Character glossary
- 微wēismall, tiny, trifling; micro-
- 乎hūinterrogative or exclamatory final parti
- 至zhìreach, arrive; very, extremely
- 於yúat, in, on; to, from; alas!
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 形xíngform, shape; to appear; to describe; to
- 神shéngod, spirit; divine, mysterious, superna
- 聲shēngsound, noise; voice, tone, music
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 能néngcan, may; capable, full of energy
- 爲wèido, handle, govern, act; be
- 敵díenemy, foe, rival; to match; to resist
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 司sīto take charge of, to control, to manage
- 命mìnglife; destiny, fate, luck; an order, ins
Passages with shared wording
- Zhuangzi Lieh Tzŭ
- Art of War 2.20
- The Doctrine of the Mean Passage 39
- The Doctrine of the Mean Passage 1
- Art of War 6.25
- Zhuangzi Perfect Happiness
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.