The Doctrine of the Mean Passage 1
天命之謂性,率性之謂道,修道之謂教。道也者,不可須臾離也,可離非道也。是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹,恐懼乎其所不聞。莫見乎隱,莫顯乎微。故君子慎其獨也。喜怒哀樂之未發,謂之中;發而皆中節,謂之和;中也者,天下之大本也;和也者,天下之達道也。致中和,天地位焉,萬物育焉。
What Heaven has conferred is called The Nature; an accordance with this nature is called The Path of duty; the regulation of this path is called Instruction. The path may not be left for an instant. If it could be left, it would not be the path. On this account, the superior man does not wait till he sees things, to be cautious, nor till he hears things, to be apprehensive. There is nothing more visible than what is secret, and nothing more manifest than what is minute. Therefore the superior man is watchful over himself, when he is alone. While there are no stirrings of pleasure, anger, sorrow, or joy, the mind may be said to be in the state of Equilibrium. When those feelings have been stirred, and they act in their due degree, there ensues what may be called the state of Harmony. This Equilibrium is the great root from which grow all the human actings in the world, and this Harmony is the universal path which they all should pursue. Let the states of equilibrium and harmony exist in perfection, and a happy order will prevail throughout heaven and earth, and all things will be nourished and flourish.
English: James Legge (1861), The Doctrine of the Mean, The Chinese Classics vol. 1 (1861); romanization modernized on Wikisource — public domain. Chinese: Chinese text from the Wikisource bilingual edition.
Character glossary
- 天tiānsky, heaven; god, celestial
- 命mìnglife; destiny, fate, luck; an order, ins
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 謂wèito call, to say, to tell; name, title; m
- 性xìngsex, nature, character; suffix convertin
- 率lǜto command, to lead; rate, ratio, propor
- 道dàomethod, way; path, road
- 修xiūto study; to repair; to decorate; to cul
- 教jiàoschool, education
- 也yěalso, too
- 者zhěthat which; they who; those who
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 可kěmay, can, -able; possibly
- 須xūbeard; must; necessary
- 臾yúmoment, instant, short while
- 離lírare beast; strange; elegant
- 非fēinot, negative, non-; to oppose
- 是shìto be; indeed, right, yes; okay
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 君jūnsovereign, ruler, prince, monarch, chief
- 子zison, child; seed, egg; fruit; small thin
- 戒jièto warn, to admonish; to swear off, to a
- 慎shèncautious, prudent
- 乎hūinterrogative or exclamatory final parti
- 其qíhis, her, its, their; that
- 所suǒplace, location; "that which", a particl
- 睹dǔto look at, to gaze at; to observe
- 恐kǒngfearful, apprehensive; to fear, to dread
- 懼jùto fear, to dread
- 聞wénnews; to hear, to smell; to make known
- 莫mòcannot; do not; is not; negative
- 見jiànto see, to observe, to meet, to appear
- 隱yǐnto hide, to conceal; secret, hidden
- 顯xiǎnclear, evident; prominent; to show
- 微wēismall, tiny, trifling; micro-
- 獨dúalone, independent, only, single, solita
- 喜xǐto love; to enjoy, to be happy; joyful,
- 怒nùanger, passion, rage
- 哀āisad, mournful, pitiful; to pity; to grie
- 樂lècheerful, happy, laughing; music
- 未wèinot yet; 8th terrestrial branch
- 發fāto issue, to dispatch, to send out; hair
- 中zhōngcentral; center, middle; amidst; to hit
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 皆jiēall, every, everybody
- 節jiéfestival; knot, joint; segment; to econo
- 和héharmony, peace; calm, peaceful
- 下xiàbelow, underneath; inferior; to bring do
- 大dàbig, great, vast, high, deep
- 本běnroot, origin, source; basis
- 達dáto reach, to arrive at; intelligent
- 致zhìto send; to present, to deliver; to caus
- 地deearth, ground, soil; land, region; struc
- 位wèiseat, throne; rank, status; position, lo
- 焉yānwhy? where? how?; strange; thereupon, th
- 萬wànten thousand; innumerable
- 物wùthing, substance, matter; creature
- 育yùto produce, to give birth to; to educate
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Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.