The Great Learning Passage 1
大學之道,在明明德,在親民,在止於至善。知止而后有定,定而后能靜,靜而后能安,安而后能慮,慮而后能得。物有本末,事有終始,知所先後,則近道矣。
What the Great Learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue; to renovate the people; and to rest in the highest excellence. The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is then determined; and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to. To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose. In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end. Things have their root and their branches. Affairs have their end and their beginning. To know what is first and what is last will lead near to what is taught in the Great Learning.
English: James Legge (1861), The Great Learning, The Chinese Classics vol. 1 (1861); romanization modernized on Wikisource — public domain. Chinese: Chinese text from the Wikisource bilingual edition.
Character glossary
- 大dàbig, great, vast, high, deep
- 學xuélearning, knowledge, science; to study,
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 道dàomethod, way; path, road
- 在zàiat, in, on; to exist; used to indicate t
- 明míngbright, clear; to explain, to understand
- 德déethics, morality; compassion, kindness
- 親qīnrelatives, parents; intimate; the hazeln
- 民míncitizens, subjects; a nation's people
- 止zhǐto stop, to halt; to detain; to desist
- 於yúat, in, on; to, from; alas!
- 至zhìreach, arrive; very, extremely
- 善shàngood, virtuous, charitable, kind
- 知zhīto know, to perceive, to comprehend
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 后hòuafter; behind, rear; descendants
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 定dìngto decide, to fix, to settle; to order;
- 能néngcan, may; capable, full of energy
- 靜jìngstill, quiet, motionless, gentle
- 安ānpeaceful, tranquil, quiet
- 慮lǜanxious, concerned, worried
- 得déto obtain, to get, to acquire; suitable,
- 物wùthing, substance, matter; creature
- 本běnroot, origin, source; basis
- 末mòend, final, last; insignificant
- 事shìaffair, matter, business; to serve; acci
- 終zhōngend; finally, in the end
- 始shǐto begin, to start; beginning
- 所suǒplace, location; "that which", a particl
- 先xiānfirst, former, previous
- 後hòuafter; behind, rear; descendants
- 則zérule, law, regulation; grades
- 近jìnto approach; near, close; intimate
- 矣yǐparticle of completed action
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Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.