The Great Learning Passage 16
孟獻子曰:「畜馬乘,不察於雞豚;伐冰之家,不畜牛羊;百乘之家,不畜聚斂之臣。與其有聚斂之臣,寧有盜臣。」此謂國不以利為利,以義為利也。長國家而務財用者,必自小人矣。彼為善之,小人之使為國家,災害并至。雖有善者,亦無如之何矣!此謂國不以利為利,以義為利也。
The officer Meng Xian said, "He who keeps horses and a carriage does not look after fowls and pigs. The family which keeps its stores of ice does not rear cattle or sheep. So, the house which possesses a hundred chariots should not keep a minister to look out for imposts that he may lay them on the people. Rather than to have such a minister, it were better for that house to have one who should rob it of its revenues." This is in accordance with the saying: "In a state, pecuniary gain is not to be considered to be prosperity, but its prosperity will be found in righteousness." When he who presides over a state or a family makes his revenues his chief business, he must be under the influence of some small, mean man. He may consider this man to be good; but when such a person is employed in the administration of a state or family, calamities from Heaven, and injuries from men, will befall it together, and, though a good man may take his place, he will not be able to remedy the evil. This illustrates again the saying, "In a state, gain is not to be considered prosperity, but its prosperity will be found in righteousness."
English: James Legge (1861), The Great Learning, The Chinese Classics vol. 1 (1861); romanization modernized on Wikisource — public domain. Chinese: Chinese text from the Wikisource bilingual edition.
Character glossary
- 孟mèngfirst in a series; great, eminent
- 獻xiànto offer, to present; to show, to displa
- 子zison, child; seed, egg; fruit; small thin
- 曰yuēto speak; to say
- 畜chùlivestock, domestic animals
- 馬mǎhorse; surname
- 乘chéngride, mount; to make use of; to ascend;
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 察cháto examine, to investigate, to observe
- 於yúat, in, on; to, from; alas!
- 雞jīchicken
- 豚túnsuckling pig; to suckle
- 伐fácut down, subjugate, attack
- 冰bīngice; ice-cold
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 家jiāhouse, home, residence; family
- 牛niúox, cow, bull
- 羊yángsheep, goat
- 百bǎione hundred; numerous, many
- 聚jùto assemble, to collect, to meet
- 斂liǎnto collect, to extort
- 臣chénminister, statesman, official, vassal
- 與yǔand; with; to; for; to give, to grant
- 其qíhis, her, its, their; that
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 寧níngcalm, peaceful; healthy; rather; to pref
- 盜dàoto rob, to steal; thief, bandit
- 此cǐthis, these; in this case, then
- 謂wèito call, to say, to tell; name, title; m
- 國guócountry, nation, state; national
- 以yǐaccording to; so as to; because of; then
- 利lìgains, advantage, profit, merit
- 為wèito do, to act; to handle, to govern; to
- 義yìright conduct, propriety; justice
- 也yěalso, too
- 長zhǎnglong, lasting; to excel in
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 務wùaffairs, business; should; must
- 財cáiriches, wealth, valuables
- 用yòngto use, to employ, to apply; use
- 者zhěthat which; they who; those who
- 必bìsurely, certainly; must; will
- 自zìself; private, personal; from
- 小xiǎosmall, tiny, insignificant
- 人rénman, person; people
- 矣yǐparticle of completed action
- 彼bǐthat, those, the other
- 善shàngood, virtuous, charitable, kind
- 使shǐcause, mission, orders; envoy, messenger
- 災zāidisaster, catastrophe, calamity
- 害hàito injure, to harm; to destroy, to kill
- 并bìngto combine, to annex; also, what's more
- 至zhìreach, arrive; very, extremely
- 雖suīalthough, even though
- 亦yìalso, too; likewise
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 如rúas, as if, like, such as, supposing
- 何héwhat, why, where, which, how
Similar passages
- Mencius 5B.3
- Zhuangzi On Declining Power
- The Great Learning Passage 11
- Mencius 1A.3
- Zhuangzi On Letting Alone
- Zhuangzi The Universe
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.