Tao Te Ching Chapter 39
第39章
昔之得一者,天得一以清,地得一以寧,神得一以靈,谷得一以盈,萬物得一以生,侯王得一以為天下貞。其致之,天無以清將恐裂,地無以寧將恐發,神無以靈將恐歇,谷無以盈將恐竭,萬物無以生將恐滅,侯王無以貴高將恐蹶。故貴以賤為本,高以下為基。是以侯王自稱孤﹑寡﹑不穀。此非以賤為本邪?非乎?故致數輿無輿,不欲琭琭如玉,珞珞如石。
The things which from of old have got the One (the Tao) are--
Heaven which by it is bright and pure;
Earth rendered thereby firm and sure;
Spirits with powers by it supplied;
Valleys kept full throughout their void
All creatures which through it do live
Princes and kings who from it get
The model which to all they give.
All these are the results of the One (Tao).
If heaven were not thus pure, it soon would rend;
If earth were not thus sure, it would break and bend;
Without these powers, the spirits soon would fail;
If not so filled, the drought would parch each vale;
Without that life, creatures would pass away;
Princes and kings, without that moral sway,
However grand and high, would all decay.
Thus it is that dignity finds its (firm) root in its (previous) meanness, and what is lofty finds its stability in the lowness (from which it rises). Hence princes and kings call themselves 'Orphans,' 'Men of small virtue,' and as 'Carriages without a nave.' Is not this an acknowledgment that in their considering themselves mean they see the foundation of their dignity? So it is that in the enumeration of the different parts of a carriage we do not come on what makes it answer the ends of a carriage. They do not wish to show themselves elegant-looking as jade, but (prefer) to be coarse-looking as an (ordinary) stone.
English: James Legge (1891), The Tâo Teh King, Sacred Books of the East vol. 39 (1891) — public domain. Chinese: Wang Bi recension (王弼本), commentary removed.
Character glossary
- 昔xīpast, former; ancient
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 得déto obtain, to get, to acquire; suitable,
- 一yīone; a, an; alone
- 者zhěthat which; they who; those who
- 天tiānsky, heaven; god, celestial
- 以yǐaccording to; so as to; because of; then
- 清qīngclean, pure; clear, distinct; peaceful
- 地deearth, ground, soil; land, region; struc
- 寧níngcalm, peaceful; healthy; rather; to pref
- 神shéngod, spirit; divine, mysterious, superna
- 靈língspirit, soul; spiritual world
- 谷gǔvalley, gorge, ravine
- 盈yíngfull, overflowing; surplus; to fill
- 萬wànten thousand; innumerable
- 物wùthing, substance, matter; creature
- 生shēnglife, lifetime; birth; growth
- 侯hóumarquis, lord; target in archery
- 王wángking, ruler; royal; surname
- 為wèito do, to act; to handle, to govern; to
- 下xiàbelow, underneath; inferior; to bring do
- 貞zhēnvirtuous, chaste, pure; loyal
- 其qíhis, her, its, their; that
- 致zhìto send; to present, to deliver; to caus
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 將jiāngthe future, what will be; ready, prepare
- 恐kǒngfearful, apprehensive; to fear, to dread
- 裂lièto split, to rend; crevice, crack
- 發fāto issue, to dispatch, to send out; hair
- 歇xiēto stop, to rest, to lodge
- 竭jiéto exhaust; to put forth great effort
- 滅mièto extinguish; to wipe out
- 貴guìexpensive, costly; valuable, precious
- 高gāotall, lofty; high, elevated
- 蹶juéto stumble, to fall; to trample
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 賤jiàncheap, low, mean, worthless
- 本běnroot, origin, source; basis
- 基jīfoundation, base
- 是shìto be; indeed, right, yes; okay
- 自zìself; private, personal; from
- 稱chēngbalanced; name, brand; to say, to call
- 孤gūorphaned; alone, lonely, solidary
- 寡guǎwidowed; friendless, alone
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 穀gǔvalley, gorge, ravine
- 此cǐthis, these; in this case, then
- 非fēinot, negative, non-; to oppose
- 邪xiéwrong, evil, demonic; perverse, depraved
- 乎hūinterrogative or exclamatory final parti
- 數shùcount, number, several
- 輿yúcart, palanquin, sedan chair
- 欲yùdesire, want, longing, intent
- 琭lùjade like stone
- 如rúas, as if, like, such as, supposing
- 玉yùjade, gem, precious stone
- 珞luòa kind of necklace
- 石shístone, rock, mineral
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Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0); Chinese Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.