Tao Te Ching Chapter 80
第80章
小國寡民,使有什伯之器而不用,使民重死而不遠徙。雖有舟輿,無所乘之;雖有甲兵,無所陳之。
使人復結繩而用之,甘其食,美其服,安其居,樂其俗。鄰國相望,雞犬之聲相聞,民至老死,不相往來。
In a little state with a small population, I would so order it, that, though there were individuals with the abilities of ten or a hundred men, there should be no employment of them; I would make the people, while looking on death as a grievous thing, yet not remove elsewhere (to avoid it).
Though they had boats and carriages, they should have no occasion to ride in them; though they had buff coats and sharp weapons, they should have no occasion to don or use them.
I would make the people return to the use of knotted cords (instead of the written characters).
They should think their (coarse) food sweet; their (plain) clothes beautiful; their (poor) dwellings places of rest; and their common (simple) ways sources of enjoyment.
There should be a neighbouring state within sight, and the voices of the fowls and dogs should be heard all the way from it to us, but I would make the people to old age, even to death, not have any intercourse with it.
English: James Legge (1891), The Tâo Teh King, Sacred Books of the East vol. 39 (1891) — public domain. Chinese: Wang Bi recension (王弼本), commentary removed.
Character glossary
- 小xiǎosmall, tiny, insignificant
- 國guócountry, nation, state; national
- 寡guǎwidowed; friendless, alone
- 民míncitizens, subjects; a nation's people
- 使shǐcause, mission, orders; envoy, messenger
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 什shénwhat? mixed, miscellaneous
- 伯bóolder brother; father's elder brother; s
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 器qìdevice, instrument, tool; receptacle, ve
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 用yòngto use, to employ, to apply; use
- 重zhòngheavy, weighty; to double, to repeat
- 死sǐdead; death; impassable, inflexible
- 遠yuǎndistant, remote, far; profound
- 徙xǐto move, to shift; to migrate
- 雖suīalthough, even though
- 舟zhōuboat, ship
- 輿yúcart, palanquin, sedan chair
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 所suǒplace, location; "that which", a particl
- 乘chéngride, mount; to make use of; to ascend;
- 甲jiǎarmor, shell; fingernails; 1st heavenly
- 兵bīngsoldier; troops, an army; warlike
- 陳chénto display, to exhibit; to plead; surnam
- 人rénman, person; people
- 復fùagain, repeatedly; copy, duplicate; to r
- 結jiéknot, tie; to connect, to join
- 繩shéngstring, rope, cord; to control
- 甘gānsweet, tasty; willing
- 其qíhis, her, its, their; that
- 食shífood; to eat
- 美měibeautiful, pretty; pleasing
- 服fúclothes; to dress, to wear; to take medi
- 安ānpeaceful, tranquil, quiet
- 居jūto live, to reside; to dwell; to sit
- 樂lècheerful, happy, laughing; music
- 俗súsocial customs; vulgar, unrefined
- 鄰línneighbor; neighborhood
- 相xiāngmutual, reciprocal; equal; each other
- 望wàngto expect, to hope, to look forward to
- 雞jīchicken
- 犬quǎndog
- 聲shēngsound, noise; voice, tone, music
- 聞wénnews; to hear, to smell; to make known
- 至zhìreach, arrive; very, extremely
- 老lǎoold, aged; experienced
- 往wǎngto go, to depart; past, former
- 來láito arrive, to come, to return; in the fu
Similar passages
- Zhuangzi Opening Trunks
- Zhuangzi Tien Tzŭ Fang
- Zhuangzi On Letting Alone
- Zhuangzi Man Among Men
- Zhuangzi The Great Supreme
- Mencius 3A.4
Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0); Chinese Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.