The Doctrine of the Mean Passage 12
君子之道費而隱。夫婦之愚,可以與知焉,及其至也,雖聖人亦有所不知焉;夫婦之不肖,可以能行焉,及其至也,雖聖人亦有所不能焉。天地之大也,人猶有所憾,故君子語大,天下莫能載焉;語小,天下莫能破焉。《詩》云:『鳶飛戾天,魚躍于淵。』言其上下察也。君子之道,造端乎夫婦,及其至也,察乎天地。」
The way which the superior man pursues, reaches wide and far, and yet is secret. Common men and women, however ignorant, may intermeddle with the knowledge of it; yet in its utmost reaches, there is that which even the sage does not know. Common men and women, however much below the ordinary standard of character, can carry it into practice; yet in its utmost reaches, there is that which even the sage is not able to carry into practice. Great as heaven and earth are, men still find some things in them with which to be dissatisfied. Thus it is that, were the superior man to speak of his way in all its greatness, nothing in the world would be found able to embrace it, and were he to speak of it in its minuteness, nothing in the world would be found able to split it. It is said in the Book of Poetry, "The hawk flies up to heaven; the fishes leap in the deep." This expresses how this way is seen above and below. The way of the superior man may be found, in its simple elements, in the intercourse of common men and women; but in its utmost reaches, it shines brightly through heaven and earth.
English: James Legge (1861), The Doctrine of the Mean, The Chinese Classics vol. 1 (1861); romanization modernized on Wikisource — public domain. Chinese: Chinese text from the Wikisource bilingual edition.
Character glossary
- 君jūnsovereign, ruler, prince, monarch, chief
- 子zison, child; seed, egg; fruit; small thin
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 道dàomethod, way; path, road
- 費fèiexpenses, fees; to cost, to spend; waste
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 隱yǐnto hide, to conceal; secret, hidden
- 夫fūman, husband; worker; those
- 婦fùmarried woman; wife
- 愚yústupid, foolish
- 可kěmay, can, -able; possibly
- 以yǐaccording to; so as to; because of; then
- 與yǔand; with; to; for; to give, to grant
- 知zhīto know, to perceive, to comprehend
- 焉yānwhy? where? how?; strange; thereupon, th
- 及jíto extend; to reach; and; in time
- 其qíhis, her, its, their; that
- 至zhìreach, arrive; very, extremely
- 也yěalso, too
- 雖suīalthough, even though
- 聖shèngholy, sacred; sage, saint
- 人rénman, person; people
- 亦yìalso, too; likewise
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 所suǒplace, location; "that which", a particl
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 肖xiàoto resemble, to look like; to be like
- 能néngcan, may; capable, full of energy
- 行xíngto go, to walk, to move; professional
- 天tiānsky, heaven; god, celestial
- 地deearth, ground, soil; land, region; struc
- 大dàbig, great, vast, high, deep
- 猶yóusimilar to, just like, as
- 憾hànregret, remorse
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 語yǔwords, language; saying, expression
- 下xiàbelow, underneath; inferior; to bring do
- 莫mòcannot; do not; is not; negative
- 載zàiload; to carry, to convey, to transport
- 小xiǎosmall, tiny, insignificant
- 破pòto break, to rout; to ruin, to destroy
- 詩shīpoetry; poem, verse, ode
- 云yúncloud; to say, to speak
- 鳶yuānkite; Milvus species (various)
- 飛fēito fly, to dart; high
- 戾lìperverse, rebellious, recalcitrant
- 魚yúfish
- 躍yuèto skip, to jump, to frolic
- 于yúat, in, on; to, from; alas!
- 淵yuānabyss, depth; to surge up, to bubble up
- 言yánwords, speech; to speak, to say
- 上shàngabove, on top, superior; to go up; to at
- 察cháto examine, to investigate, to observe
- 造zàoto build, to construct, to invent, to ma
- 端duānend, extreme; head; beginning
- 乎hūinterrogative or exclamatory final parti
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Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.