The Doctrine of the Mean Passage 28
大哉,聖人之道!洋洋乎發育萬物,峻極于天。優優大哉!禮儀三百,威儀三千,待其人然後行。故曰:苟不至德,至道不凝焉。故君子尊德性而道問學,致廣大而盡精微,極高明而中庸。溫故而知新,敦厚以崇禮。是故居上不驕,為下不倍;國有道,其言足以興,國無道,其默足以容。《詩》曰:「既明且哲,以保其身。」其此之謂與!
How great is the path proper to the Sage! Like overflowing water, it sends forth and nourishes all things, and rises up to the height of heaven. All-complete is its greatness! It embraces the three hundred rules of ceremony, and the three thousand rules of demeanor. It waits for the proper man, and then it is trodden. Hence it is said, "Only by perfect virtue can the perfect path, in all its courses, be made a fact." Therefore, the superior man honors his virtuous nature, and maintains constant inquiry and study, seeking to carry it out to its breadth and greatness, so as to omit none of the more exquisite and minute points which it embraces, and to raise it to its greatest height and brilliancy, so as to pursue the course of the Mean. He cherishes his old knowledge, and is continually acquiring new. He exerts an honest, generous earnestness, in the esteem and practice of all propriety. Thus, when occupying a high situation he is not proud, and in a low situation he is not insubordinate. When the kingdom is well governed, he is sure by his words to rise; and when it is ill governed, he is sure by his silence to command forbearance to himself. Is not this what we find in the Book of Poetry,-"Intelligent is he and prudent, and so preserves his person?"
English: James Legge (1861), The Doctrine of the Mean, The Chinese Classics vol. 1 (1861); romanization modernized on Wikisource — public domain. Chinese: Chinese text from the Wikisource bilingual edition.
Character glossary
- 大dàbig, great, vast, high, deep
- 哉zāifinal exclamatory particle
- 聖shèngholy, sacred; sage, saint
- 人rénman, person; people
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 道dàomethod, way; path, road
- 洋yángsea, ocean; western, foreign
- 乎hūinterrogative or exclamatory final parti
- 發fāto issue, to dispatch, to send out; hair
- 育yùto produce, to give birth to; to educate
- 萬wànten thousand; innumerable
- 物wùthing, substance, matter; creature
- 峻jùnhigh, steep, towering; stern
- 極jíextreme, top; final, furthest, utmost; p
- 于yúat, in, on; to, from; alas!
- 天tiānsky, heaven; god, celestial
- 優yōusuperior; elegant
- 禮lǐcourtesy, manners, social customs
- 儀yíinstrument, apparatus; ceremony, rites
- 三sānthree
- 百bǎione hundred; numerous, many
- 威wēimight, power, prestige; to dominate
- 千qiānthousand; many, numerous; very
- 待dàito entertain, to receive, to treat; to d
- 其qíhis, her, its, their; that
- 然ráncertainly; naturally; suddenly
- 後hòuafter; behind, rear; descendants
- 行xíngto go, to walk, to move; professional
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 曰yuēto speak; to say
- 苟gǒucareless, frivolous, illicit; but, if on
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 至zhìreach, arrive; very, extremely
- 德déethics, morality; compassion, kindness
- 凝níngto coagulate, to congeal; to freeze
- 焉yānwhy? where? how?; strange; thereupon, th
- 君jūnsovereign, ruler, prince, monarch, chief
- 子zison, child; seed, egg; fruit; small thin
- 尊zūnto honor, to respect, to venerate
- 性xìngsex, nature, character; suffix convertin
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 問wènto ask about, to inquire after
- 學xuélearning, knowledge, science; to study,
- 致zhìto send; to present, to deliver; to caus
- 廣guǎngbroad, vast, wide; building, house
- 盡jǐnto exhaust, to use up, to deplete
- 精jīngessence, germ, spirit
- 微wēismall, tiny, trifling; micro-
- 高gāotall, lofty; high, elevated
- 明míngbright, clear; to explain, to understand
- 中zhōngcentral; center, middle; amidst; to hit
- 庸yōngusual, common, ordinary, mediocre
- 溫wēnwarm, lukewarm
- 知zhīto know, to perceive, to comprehend
- 新xīnnew, recent, fresh, modern
- 敦dūnhonest, candid, sincere; kind-hearted; t
- 厚hòugenerous; substantial; deep (as a friend
- 以yǐaccording to; so as to; because of; then
- 崇chónghigh, dignified; to esteem, to honor
- 是shìto be; indeed, right, yes; okay
- 居jūto live, to reside; to dwell; to sit
- 上shàngabove, on top, superior; to go up; to at
- 驕jiāohaughty, spirited; a wild stallion
- 為wèito do, to act; to handle, to govern; to
- 下xiàbelow, underneath; inferior; to bring do
- 倍bèito double; to increase or multiply
- 國guócountry, nation, state; national
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 言yánwords, speech; to speak, to say
- 足zúfoot; to attain, to satisfy; enough
- 興xìngto thrive, to prosper, to flourish
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 默mòsilent; quiet, still; dark
- 容róngappearance, looks; form, figure; to cont
- 詩shīpoetry; poem, verse, ode
- 既jìalready, since, then; both; de facto
- 且qiěmoreover, also (post-subject); about to,
- 哲zhéwise, sagacious; wise man; philosopher
- 保bǎoto safeguard, to protect, to defend, to
- 身shēnbody, torso; person; pregnancy
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Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.