Tao Te Ching Chapter 41
第41章
上士聞道,勤而行之;中士聞道,若存若亡;下士聞道,大笑之。不笑不足以為道。故建言有之﹕明道若昧,進道若退,夷道若纇,上德若谷,大白若辱,廣德若不足,建德若偷,質真若渝,大方無隅,大器晚成,大音希聲,大象無形,道隱無名。夫唯道,善貸且成。
Scholars of the highest class, when they hear about the Tao, earnestly carry it into practice. Scholars of the middle class, when they have heard about it, seem now to keep it and now to lose it. Scholars of the lowest class, when they have heard about it, laugh greatly at it. If it were not (thus) laughed at, it would not be fit to be the Tao.
Therefore the sentence-makers have thus expressed themselves:--
'The Tao, when brightest seen, seems light to lack;
Who progress in it makes, seems drawing back;
Its even way is like a rugged track.
Its highest virtue from the vale doth rise;
Its greatest beauty seems to offend the eyes;
And he has most whose lot the least supplies.
Its firmest virtue seems but poor and low;
Its solid truth seems change to undergo;
Its largest square doth yet no corner show
A vessel great, it is the slowest made;
Loud is its sound, but never word it said;
A semblance great, the shadow of a shade.'
The Tao is hidden, and has no name; but it is the Tao which is skilful at imparting (to all things what they need) and making them complete.
English: James Legge (1891), The Tâo Teh King, Sacred Books of the East vol. 39 (1891) — public domain. Chinese: Wang Bi recension (王弼本), commentary removed.
Character glossary
- 上shàngabove, on top, superior; to go up; to at
- 士shìscholar, gentleman; soldier
- 聞wénnews; to hear, to smell; to make known
- 道dàomethod, way; path, road
- 勤qínindustrious, diligent, attentive
- 而érand, and then, and yet; but
- 行xíngto go, to walk, to move; professional
- 之zhīmarks preceding phrase as modifier of fo
- 中zhōngcentral; center, middle; amidst; to hit
- 若ruòif, supposing, assuming; similar
- 存cúnto exist; to survive, to maintain; to ke
- 亡wángdeath, destruction; to lose; to perish
- 下xiàbelow, underneath; inferior; to bring do
- 大dàbig, great, vast, high, deep
- 笑xiàoto smile, to laugh; to giggle; to snicke
- 不bùno, not, un-; negative prefix
- 足zúfoot; to attain, to satisfy; enough
- 以yǐaccording to; so as to; because of; then
- 為wèito do, to act; to handle, to govern; to
- 故gùreason, cause; happening, instance
- 建jiànto build, to erect; to establish, to fou
- 言yánwords, speech; to speak, to say
- 有yǒuto have, to own, to possess; to exist
- 明míngbright, clear; to explain, to understand
- 昧mèidark, hidden, obscure
- 進jìnto advance, to make progress; to come in
- 退tuìto retreat, to step back, to withdraw
- 夷yíancient barbarian tribes
- 纇lèiknot; blemish, flaw, wicked
- 德déethics, morality; compassion, kindness
- 谷gǔvalley, gorge, ravine
- 白báiwhite; clear, pure, unblemished; bright
- 辱rǔto insult, to humiliate, to abuse
- 廣guǎngbroad, vast, wide; building, house
- 偷tōuto steal; burglar, thief
- 質zhìessence, nature; material, substance
- 真zhēnreal, actual, true, genuine
- 渝yúto change; Chongqing
- 方fāngsquare, rectangle; side; region; flag
- 無wúno, not; lacking, -less
- 隅yúcorner, cranny, niche
- 器qìdevice, instrument, tool; receptacle, ve
- 晚wǎnnight, evening; late
- 成chéngto accomplish; to become; to complete, t
- 音yīnsound, tone, pitch, pronunciation
- 希xīrare; to hope for, to strive for; to exp
- 聲shēngsound, noise; voice, tone, music
- 象xiàngelephant; ivory; figure, image
- 形xíngform, shape; to appear; to describe; to
- 隱yǐnto hide, to conceal; secret, hidden
- 名míngname; position, rank, title
- 夫fūman, husband; worker; those
- 唯wéionly; sole
- 善shàngood, virtuous, charitable, kind
- 貸dàito borrow; to lend; to pardon
- 且qiěmoreover, also (post-subject); about to,
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Data: English Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0); Chinese Wikisource (Public domain texts; transcription CC BY-SA 4.0). Retrieved 2026-10-22.